Crystallization behaviour of the series of solid solutions Zr_xTi_1–xO₂ and Pb_yZr_xTi_1–xO_2+y prepared by the sol-gel process

Abstract

A series of solid solutions of zirconium titanium oxide Zr_xTi_1–xO₂ (0≤x≤1) and Pb_yZr_xTi_1–xO_2+y (0≤y≤1.15, 0≤x≤1) up to lead zirconate titanate PbZr_xTi_1–xO₃ was prepared from zirconium and titanium n-propoxide and lead acetate, dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol, by the sol-gel process. The crystallization was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the apparent activation energies, crystallization enthalpies and Avrami exponents were determined. The crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Within the series of solid solutions Zr_xTi_1–xO₂, the activation energy changes from ca. 200 kJ mol^–1 for samples with low (x≤0.14) or high (x≥0.9) ZrO₂ content, to ca. 800 kJ mol^–1 for intermediate ZrO₂ contents. Within the series of solid solutions Pb_yZr_xTi_1–xO_2+y, PbO lowers the activation energies and hinders the crystallite growth.

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