Dipolar HCP materials as alternatives to DMF solvent for azide-based synthesis

Feng Gao, Rongxian Bai, Minghao Li and Yanlong Gu

Green Chem., 2021, 23, 7499
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A case study in green chemistry: the reduction of hazardous solvents in an industrial R&D environment

Piyali Dutta, Andrea McGranaghan, Isabelle Keller, Yogesh Patil, Nicholas Mulholland, Vikrant Murudi, Horst Prescher, Alex Smith, Nessa Carson, Chris Martin, Paul Cox, Daniel Stierli, Mohamed Boussemghoune, Fabien Barreteau, Jérôme Cassayre and Edouard Godineau

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 3943
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Replacing piperidine in solid phase peptide synthesis: effective Fmoc removal by alternative bases

Giulia Martelli, Paolo Cantelmi, Chiara Palladino, Alexia Mattellone, Dario Corbisiero, Tommaso Fantoni, Alessandra Tolomelli, Marco Macis, Antonio Ricci, Walter Cabri and Lucia Ferrazzano

Green Chem., 2021, 23, 8096
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Harnessing polarity and viscosity to identify green binary solvent mixtures as viable alternatives to DMF in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Vincent Martin, Sandip Jadhav, Peter H. G. Egelund, Raphael Liffert, Henrik Johansson Castro, Tobias Krüger, Kim F. Haselmann, Sebastian Thordal Le Quement, Fernando Albericio, Frank Dettner, Carolin Lechner, Ralph Schönleber and Daniel Sejer Pedersen

Green Chem., 2021, 23, 3295
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In situ Fmoc removal – a sustainable solid-phase peptide synthesis approach

Ashish Kumar, Anamika Sharma, Beatriz G. de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 4887
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Green solvent mixture for ultrasound-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis: a fast and versatile method and its applications in flow and natural product synthesis

Jingyuan Liao, Renrong Zhang, Xuelei Jia, Meiling Wang, Chaoyi Li, Juntao Wang, Renjin Tang, Junrong Huang, Hengzhi You and Fen-Er Chen

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 10549
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Solid phase peptide synthesis using side-chain unprotected arginine and histidine with Oxyma Pure/TBEC in green solvents

Tommaso Fantoni, Andrea Orlandin, Ilaria Di Stefano, Marco Macis, Alessandra Tolomelli, Antonio Ricci, Walter Cabri and Lucia Ferrazzano

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 10929
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Sustainability in peptide chemistry: current synthesis and purification technologies and future challenges

Lucia Ferrazzano, Martina Catani, Alberto Cavazzini, Giulia Martelli, Dario Corbisiero, Paolo Cantelmi, Tommaso Fantoni, Alexia Mattellone, Chiara De Luca, Simona Felletti, Walter Cabri and Alessandra Tolomelli

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 975
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An Upgraded Solid‐Phase Assembly of Chelators (DOTA and NOTA) Enabled Bacterial Uptake Studies of Radiolabeled Peptide

Bibekananda Pati, Anuj Kumar, Arnab Chowdhury, Nitesh Mani Tripathi, Vinod Gour, Archana Mukherjee and Anupam Bandyopadhyay

ChemBioChem, 2025, 26
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Expanding the Reach of Sustainable Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: One-Pot, Metal-Free Alloc Removal–Peptide Coupling

Jan Pawlas and Andreas Lindgren

Org. Lett., 2025, 27, 2891
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Morpholine, a strong contender for Fmoc removal in solid‐phase peptide synthesis

Sinenhlanhla N. Mthembu, Amit Chakraborty, Ralph Schönleber, Fernando Albericio and Beatriz G. de la Torre

Journal of Peptide Science, 2024, 30
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Continuous-Flow Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis to Enable Rapid, Multigram Deliveries of Peptides

Kyle E. Ruhl, Michael J. Di Maso, Harrison B. Rose, Danielle M. Schultz, François Lévesque, Shane T. Grosser, Steven M. Silverman, Shasha Li, Nunzio Sciammetta and Umar Faruk Mansoor

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2024, 28, 2896
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Fmoc-Removal with Pyrrolidine Expands the Available Solvent Space in Green Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

Peter H. G. Egelund, Sandip Jadhav, Vincent Martin, Henrik Johansson Castro, Franziska Richner, Sebastian Thordal Le Quement, Frank Dettner, Carolin Lechner, Ralph Schoenleber and Daniel Sejer Pedersen

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2021, 9, 14202
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Navigating cancer therapy: Harnessing the power of peptide-drug conjugates as precision delivery vehicles

Bulbul Sagar, Sarthak Gupta, Sarvesh Kumar Verma, Y. Veera Manohara Reddy and Shefali Shukla

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2025, 283, 117131
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Mechanistic Study of Diketopiperazine Formation during Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis of Tirzepatide

Jingyao Wang, Mark R. Berglund, Timothy Braden, Matthew C. Embry, Martin D. Johnson, Stephen R. Groskreutz, Fareed Bhasha Sayyed, Sergey Vladimirovich Tsukanov, Timothy D. White, Ankur Jalan, Kevin D. Seibert and Michael E. Kopach

ACS Omega, 2022, 7, 46809
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Missing Link: Enabling Loading of 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin inN-Butylpyrrolidinone as a Green Solvent

John Lopez, Janina Beck, Christoph Bucher, Arne Berthelmann, Spyridon Markos and Stefan Eissler

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2022, 26, 1450
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Spectroscopic investigation of preferential solvation of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrinin binary mixtures of dichloromethane with organic cosolvents

Mariammal Muthu and Shraeddha Tiwari

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 283, 121718
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Chemical Process Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe—Insights and Perspectives from Industry Scientists

Joachim Krueger, André P. Dieskau, Jorma Hassfeld, Joerg Gries, Oliver Block, Hilmar Weinmann, Daniel Kaufmann, Stefan Hildbrand, Volker Kraft, Robert Moeckel, Juan R. Dehli, Ulrich Scholz and Carl Friedrich Nising

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Modified SPPS Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides

Dinesh Anguraj, Shivani Chaudhary, Mukesh Pasupuleti, L. Ravithej Singh and Anamika Sharma

Int J Pept Res Ther, 2025, 31
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Green Antimicrobials as Therapeutic Agents for Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Ines D. Teixeira, Eugenia Carvalho and Ermelindo C. Leal

Antibiotics, 2023, 12, 467
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Fundamental Aspects of SPPS and Green Chemical Peptide Synthesis

Stephen B. H. Kent

Journal of Peptide Science, 2025, 31
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Sustainable Ultrasound-Assisted Solid-Phase peptide synthesis (SUS-SPPS): Less Waste, more efficiency

Salvatore Mottola, Alessandra Del Bene, Vincenzo Mazzarella, Roberto Cutolo, Ida Boccino, Francesco Merlino, Sandro Cosconati, Salvatore Di Maro and Anna Messere

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2025, 114, 107257
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Green Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: Oxyma-Triggered Spectrophotometric Monitoring of Residual Piperidine

So̷ren Lindbæk Broman, Martin Rosenberg, Felix Wojcik, Anders Holm Hansen, Peter Hammer Guldager Egelund, Joan Malmstro̷m and Daniel Sejer Pedersen

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2024, 28, 666
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Beyond Efficacy: Ensuring Safety in Peptide Therapeutics through Immunogenicity Assessment

Koulla Achilleos, Christos Petrou, Vicky Nicolaidou and Yiannis Sarigiannis

Journal of Peptide Science, 2025, 31
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Advancing Sustainable Peptide Synthesis by Solvent Quality Control: Understanding and Mitigating Hydroperoxide in 1-Butyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NBP)

Jan Pawlas, Tharwat Mohy El-Dine, Katharina von Bargen, Christoph von Bargen, Johan Nilsson, Olivier Ludemann-Hombourger and Jon H. Rasmussen

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2024, 28, 3347
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Triethyl phosphate (TEP) – dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), as a green solvent mixture for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)

Sikabwe Noki, Luana Lastella, Simona Serban, Alessandra Basso, Gyorgy Orosz, Beatriz G de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2025, 18
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Base-Labile Safety-Catch Linker: Synthesis and Applications in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

Sikabwe Noki, Hossain Saneii, Beatriz G. de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

IJMS, 2025, 26, 2210
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Combining Real-Time Monitoring Using Raman Spectroscopy, Rotating-Bed Reactors, and Green Solvents to Improve Sustainability in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

Eugenie Fournier, Arjun Vijeta, Oleg Babii, Mohamad-Jamal Wawi, Bernd Henkel and Hélène Adihou

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 14629
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N‐Butylpyrrolidinone is an equally good solvent as N,N‐dimethylformamide for microwave assisted solid phase peptide synthesis

Andrea Öhlander, Carsten Lüdtke, Artur Sahakjan and Richard E. Johnsson

Journal of Peptide Science, 2024, 30
DOI: 10.1002/psc.3612

A New Green Oxyma-Sulfonate Coupling Reagent for Sustainable Organic Transformations

Sayanta Roy and Bhubaneswar Mandal

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 5531
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Decoding the impact of neighboring amino acids on ESI-MS intensity output through deep learning

Naim Abdul-Khalek, Reinhard Wimmer, Michael Toft Overgaard and Simon Gregersen Echers

Journal of Proteomics, 2024, 309, 105322
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The application of anisole in greener solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols – Compatibility with green bases in Fmoc removal and new green binary mixture for coupling

Adam Přibylka, Milan Pastorek, Martin Grepl and Eva Přibylka Schütznerová

Tetrahedron, 2021, 99, 132452
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Optimization of peptide synthesis time and sustainability using novel eco‐friendly binary solvent systems with induction heating on an automated peptide synthesizer

Lorenzo Pacini, Manoj Muthyala, Luisa Aguiar, Robert Zitterbart, Paolo Rovero and Anna Maria Papini

Journal of Peptide Science, 2024, 30
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2-Methoxy-4-methylsulfinylbenzyl Alcohol as a Safety-Catch Linker for the Fmoc/tBu Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Strategy

K. P. Nandhini, Fernando Albericio and Beatriz G. de la Torre

J. Org. Chem., 2022, 87, 9433
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Triethyl phosphate (TEP) as a green solvent for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)

K.P. Nandhini, Nosipho Cele, Beatriz G. de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2024, 17
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Comparison of Conjugates Obtained Using DMSO and DMF as Solvents in the Production of Polyclonal Antibodies and ELISA Development: A Case Study on Bisphenol A

Anna N. Berlina, Nadezhda S. Komova, Kseniya V. Serebrennikova, Anatoly V. Zherdev and Boris B. Dzantiev

Antibodies, 2024, 13, 89
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Green and Sustainable Solvents for Solid-Phase Peptoid Synthesis

Abigail Mae Clapperton, Katya Naomi Marín Vera, Jon Babi and Helen Tran

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 13024
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02813

Morpholine Prevents the Formation of Aspartimide from β-allyl ester aspartic acid during Fmoc Cleavage in SPPS of Stapled Peptides

Federico Arrigoni, Luca Pardini, Sveva Albertelli, Lidia Ciccone and Nicolo Tonali

Int J Pept Res Ther, 2024, 30
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Determination of Diketopiperazine Formation During the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of C‐Terminal Acid Peptides

Mani Kaushal, Ashish Kumar, Hassan Gamal, Sinenhlanhla N. Mthembu, Rotimi Sheyi, XiaoKang Kou, Beatriz G. de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

Chemistry Methods, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/cmtd.202500035

Rhodiasolv PolarClean – a greener alternative in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Ashish Kumar, Anamika Sharma, Beatriz G. de la Torre and Fernando Albericio

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021, 14, 545
DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2021.1965663

Toward a Green SPPS: The Use of an Innovative Mesoporous pDVB Support for Environmentally Friendly Solvents

Luana Lastella, Marco Zecca, Paolo Centomo, Karel Jeřábek, Fernando Formaggio, Ivan Guryanov, Antonio Ricci and Barbara Biondi

Journal of Peptide Science, 2025, 31
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Antimicrobial Peptides: Mechanisms, Applications, and Therapeutic Potential

Mohammed Alzain, Hussam Daghistani, Taghreed Shamrani, Yousef Almoghrabi, Yassir Daghistani, Ohood Alharbi, Ahmad Sait, Mohammed Mufrrih, Wafaa Alhazmi, Mona Alqarni, Bandar Saleh, Manal Zubair, Noha Juma, Hatoon Niyazi, Hanouf Niyazi, Waiel Halabi, Rawan Altalhi, Imran Kazmi, Hisham Altayb, Karem Ibrahem and Abdelbagi Alfadil

IDR, 2025, Volume 18, 4385
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A Field Guide to Optimizing Peptoid Synthesis

Abigail Mae Clapperton, Jon Babi and Helen Tran

ACS Polym. Au, 2022, 2, 417
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Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era

Giacomo Rossino, Emanuela Marchese, Giovanni Galli, Francesca Verde, Matteo Finizio, Massimo Serra, Pasquale Linciano and Simona Collina

Molecules, 2023, 28, 7165
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Elevating 1-tert-Butyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide (TBEC) as a Reagent for Sustainable Peptide Synthesis: Quality Assessment and Minimizing Racemization, Precipitation, and Radical-Induced Side Reactions by TBEC/Oxyma Couplings in an Environmentally Sensible Solvent

Jan Pawlas, Ji-Hyung Choi, Christoph von Bargen, Sheila Maibom-Thomsen, Jon H. Rasmussen and Olivier Ludemann-Hombourger

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2023, 27, 1348
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00120

Chemical Process Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe—Insights and Perspectives from Industry Scientists

Joachim Krueger, André P. Dieskau, Jorma Hassfeld, Joerg Gries, Oliver Block, Hilmar Weinmann, Daniel Kaufmann, Stefan Hildbrand, Volker Kraft, Robert Moeckel, Juan R. Dehli, Ulrich Scholz and Carl Friedrich Nising

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Process Mass Intensity (PMI): A Holistic Analysis of Current Peptide Manufacturing Processes Informs Sustainability in Peptide Synthesis

Ivy Kekessie, Katarzyna Wegner, Isamir Martinez, Michael E. Kopach, Timothy D. White, Janine K. Tom, Martin N. Kenworthy, Fabrice Gallou, John Lopez, Stefan G. Koenig, Philippa R. Payne, Stefan Eissler, Balasubramanian Arumugam, Changfeng Li, Subha Mukherjee, Albert Isidro-Llobet, Olivier Ludemann-Hombourger, Paul Richardson, Jörg Kittelmann, Daniel Sejer Pedersen and Leendert J. van den Bos

J. Org. Chem., 2024, 89, 4261
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