Issue 30, 2020

Formation of bis-benzimidazole and bis-benzoxazole through organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its mechanism

Abstract

Environmental remediation through the recycling and upcycling of waste plastics is an urgent global concern. Accordingly, we herein demonstrate the organocatalyzed depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 2-aminophenol (2AP) to form bis-benzimidazole and bis-benzoxazole, which can potentially be applied to the production of medicines, high-performance polymers, and organic electronics. Although high-temperature treatment at 190 °C was required, the neutral superbase 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) successfully facilitated two nucleophilic substitution reactions in one-pot, i.e., amidation or transesterification of PET followed by heterocycle formation to the amide or ester group. Theoretical studies with B3LYP density functional theory were performed for model reactions using methyl benzoate (MB) and OPD or 2AP. Consequently, we revealed that amidation favorably proceeds in the first depolymerization step and that the heterocycle formation predominantly results from nucleophilic attack to the amide intermediate by the anilinic NH2 or phenolic OH with the assistance of TBD. We also found that multiple hydrogen-bonding activations involving the bifunctional nature of TBD and the bidentate interactions of nucleophilic reagents such as OPD and 2AP with carbonyl oxygen atoms enable the one-pot formation of benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles from PET. Thus, this study not only demonstrates a new valuable method for upcycling of PET, but also offers a new synthetic route to benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles.

Graphical abstract: Formation of bis-benzimidazole and bis-benzoxazole through organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its mechanism

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
25 mar. 2020
Accepted
27 may. 2020
First published
27 may. 2020

Polym. Chem., 2020,11, 4904-4913

Formation of bis-benzimidazole and bis-benzoxazole through organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its mechanism

K. Fukushima, G. O. Jones, H. W. Horn, J. E. Rice, T. Kato and J. L. Hedrick, Polym. Chem., 2020, 11, 4904 DOI: 10.1039/D0PY00436G

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements