Surface engineered metal–organic framework-based electrochemical biosensors for enzyme-mimic ultrasensitive detection of glucose: recent advancements and future perspectives

Abstract

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the development of electrochemical glucose sensors due to their unique and advantageous properties. The highly tunable pore channels of MOFs facilitate optimal diffusion of glucose molecules, while their large specific surface area provides abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, the well-dispersed metallic active sites within MOFs enhance electrocatalytic activity, thereby improving the sensitivity and selectivity of glucose detection. These features make MOF-based nanoarchitectures promising candidates for the development of efficient and sensitive glucose sensors, which are crucial for diabetes management and monitoring. The integration of enzymatic biosensors with nanotechnology continues to drive advancements in glucose monitoring, offering the potential for more accurate, convenient, and user-friendly tools for diabetes management. Current research explores non-invasive glucose monitoring methods, such as using sweat, saliva, or interstitial fluid instead of blood, aiming to reduce the discomfort and inconvenience associated with frequent blood sampling. A review of the advancements and applications of MOF-based enzyme-mimic electrochemical sensors for glucose monitoring can provide valuable insights for young researchers, inspiring future research in biomedical device fabrication. Such reviews not only offer a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the art but also highlight existing challenges and future opportunities in the field of enzyme-less glucose sensing, particularly in the surface modification techniques of highly porous MOFs. This fosters innovation and new research directions. By understanding the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, researchers can contribute to the development of more effective and innovative enzyme-mimic glucose sensing transducers, which are essential for advancing biomedical devices.