Ditopic boronic acid and imine-based naphthalimide fluorescence sensor for copper(ii)

Abstract

Copper ions are essential for many biological processes. However, high concentrations of copper can be detrimental to the cell or organism. A novel naphthalimide derivative bearing a monoboronic acid group (BNP) was investigated as a Cu²⁺ selective fluorescent sensor in living cells. This derivative is one of the rare examples of reversible fluorescent chemosensors for Cu²⁺ which uses a boronic acid group for a binding site. Moreover, the adduct BNP–Cu²⁺ displays a fluorescence enhancement with fructose. The uptake of this novel compound in HeLa cancer cells was imaged using confocal fluorescence microscopy techniques including two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.