From the journal Environmental Science: Atmospheres Peer review history

20-Nov-2023

Dear Dr Qadri:

Manuscript ID: EA-ART-09-2023-000139
TITLE: Numerical One-Dimensional Investigations on Multi cylinder Spark Ignition Engine using Hydrogen/Ethanol, Hydrogen/Methanol and Gasoline in Dual Fuel mode.

Thank you for your submission to Environmental Science: Atmospheres, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. I sent your manuscript to reviewers and I have now received their reports which are copied below.

I have carefully evaluated your manuscript and the reviewers’ reports, and the reports indicate that major revisions are necessary.

Please submit a revised manuscript which addresses all of the reviewers’ comments. Further peer review of your revised manuscript may be needed. When you submit your revised manuscript please include a point by point response to the reviewers’ comments and highlight the changes you have made. Full details of the files you need to submit are listed at the end of this email.

Please submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible using this link:

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You should submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible; please note you will receive a series of automatic reminders. If your revisions will take a significant length of time, please contact me. If I do not hear from you, I may withdraw your manuscript from consideration and you will have to resubmit. Any resubmission will receive a new submission date.

The Royal Society of Chemistry requires all submitting authors to provide their ORCID iD when they submit a revised manuscript. This is quick and easy to do as part of the revised manuscript submission process. We will publish this information with the article, and you may choose to have your ORCID record updated automatically with details of the publication.

Please also encourage your co-authors to sign up for their own ORCID account and associate it with their account on our manuscript submission system. For further information see: https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/journal-authors-reviewers/processes-policies/#attribution-id

Environmental Science: Atmospheres strongly encourages authors of research articles to include an ‘Author contributions’ section in their manuscript, for publication in the final article. This should appear immediately above the ‘Conflict of interest’ and ‘Acknowledgement’ sections. I strongly recommend you use CRediT (the Contributor Roles Taxonomy, https://credit.niso.org/) for standardised contribution descriptions. All authors should have agreed to their individual contributions ahead of submission and these should accurately reflect contributions to the work. Please refer to our general author guidelines https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/author-and-reviewer-hub/authors-information/responsibilities/ for more information.

I look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Yours sincerely,
Prof. Nønne Prisle
Associate Editor, Environmental Sciences: Atmospheres

************

Reviewer 1

The authors should add a new idea to this type of study. The novelty and potential impact of this paper should be clarified. I recommend that you edit the entire article according to journal standards and re-send it. It is more a research technical report, I regret to inform you that it cannot be accepted for publication in a highly prestigious journal like Environmental Science Atmospheres. The readers of this paper should be able to get the main points through some results and summary.
- Most of the ideas written were already described in many literatures. The Authors tried to compile it but lack of the enhancement of the interrelation analysis between the references. It is advised that the authors give a deeper analysis of how these ideas become more applicative strategies so that they can contribute to the next step of implementation.
- Novelty: The authors partly stated what motivated the idea portrayed in this study, what then does this study offer beyond the recent advances made on the combined approaches? I would advise the authors to carefully carry out a close comparison as well in the discussion section to enumerate the advantages this study offers over other related works.
- More in-depth analysis of the author's contribution to this paper in the introduction section. I would like to see more discussion of the literature so that I can clearly identify how the article relates to competing ideas.
- The language of the manuscript is fair; I would advise consulting a language editor to further polish the language of the manuscript.
- Challenges and future directions to improve and implement of these technologies should be discussed.
- In my opinion, there are several up-to-date approaches to the idea. Authors should look for these approaches, compare the results and prove their ideas. This is a major concern.
- The conclusions don't tie to the discussion well and should be reconsidered. There needs to be a clearer discussion of the points in the body, or the conclusions should be adjusted to better match the existing discussion.

Reviewer 2

Review comments are attached

This text has been copied from the PDF response to reviewers and does not include any figures, images or special characters.

Referee: 1

Comments to the Author
Most of the ideas written were already described in many literatures. The Authors tried to compile it but lack of the enhancement of the interrelation analysis between the references. It is advised that the authors give a deeper analysis of how these ideas become more applicative strategies so that they can contribute to the next step of implementation.
Thanks for giving much deeper analysis of the paper. The paper was again thoroughly checked. In addition, the ideas that were already discussed were again checked for deeper understanding of future possibilities in this research contribution. The same is now reflecting in the introduction part.
- Novelty: The authors partly stated what motivated the idea portrayed in this study, what then does this study offer beyond the recent advances made on the combined approaches? I would advise the authors to carefully carry out a close comparison as well in the discussion section to enumerate the advantages this study offers over other related works.
The novelty of this research work can be understood within the title alone. Still for further discussion, it has been again explained in introduction that many researchers have not performed this work. Since the blending of two Alternative fuels is still to be explored. In addition, Hydrogen blending with ethanol and methanol is new concept in the field of IC Engine research. Since hydrogen, fuel acts as promotor to ignite the fuel and increases its Calorific value for more power production.
- More in-depth analysis of the author's contribution to this paper in the introduction section. I would like to see more discussion of the literature so that I can clearly identify how the article relates to competing ideas.
More literature information has been added in the introduction of the paper for deeper analysis.
- The language of the manuscript is fair; I would advise consulting a language editor to further polish the language of the manuscript.
The language has been significantly improved and is now reflecting in the paper.
- Challenges and future directions to improve and implement of these technologies should be discussed.
Future possibilities have been added in the introduction and is highlighted for review again. Moreover, challenges were incorporated.

- In my opinion, there are several up-to-date approaches to the idea. Authors should look for these approaches, compare the results and prove their ideas. This is a major concern.
While numerous approaches have been previously discussed, there has been a considerable focus on Compression Ignition (CI) based engines. Conversely, there has been limited research on Spark Ignition (SI) engines utilizing two alternative fuels. Despite the abundance of ideas in the literature stemming from various scholars' research efforts, the exploration of gaseous fuel combined with liquid fuel remains relatively scarce.
The conclusions do not tie to the discussion well and should be reconsidered. There needs to be a clearer discussion of the points in the body, or the conclusions should be adjusted to better match the existing discussion.
Conclusion have been again checked and updated with respect to research done.

REVIEWER 2

The article “numerical one-dimensional investigations on multi-cylinder spark ignition engine using hydrogen/ethanol, hydrogen/methanol and gasoline in dual fuel mode” discusses the behaviour of multi cylinder SI engine using different fuel blends. The author performed the numerical investigation at variable engine speeds by varying the fuel blend percentage and further the results were compared. The paper has technical relevance, and the subject is pertinent to the journal's scope. The authors should improve the readability and involve physics; the manuscript cannot be accepted in this present form. The reviewer has highlighted several open points below.
• I recommend a language review for correcting grammatical /typographical errors. Please take the assistance of an English proficiency provider.
The language has been significantly improved and grammatical errors also were corrected.
• Abstract section: it is not clear to the reader the main objective of your work, please report in a crystal clear way that the focus was to evaluate the impact of the various fuel blends and compare the results with gasoline. Then please clarify that the analysis has been performed at a part and full load. Then, you should state the primary outcomes.
Abstract has been again significantly improved. All the above-mentioned comments have been implemented.
• It is suggested to include nomenclatures. The description of each component associated with the equations used for the analysis must be mentioned.
Nomenclature have been included.
• The literature section needs to be revised. It would be appreciable if the author added the most references considering more advanced technologies in the field of combustion engine fuel. Consider the following paper to cite in the introduction section.
a. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180407157S
b. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0063
c. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036457
d. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04696-z
The literature have been significantly improved and above-mentioned references were also implemented.
• The authors should clarify the novelty of this research output differently, please clarify the novelty of this paper.
The novelty part have been added in the introduction section.
• Test matrix and boundary conditions should be reported.
Boundary conditions were already set while performing the simulations and since it SI simulation based work so input conditions were set before performing the simulation.
• Typo errors in Table 1 and Table 2. Check the units mentioned in the respective Tables.
Tables have been again checked. And units were added for missing items.
• On what basis, the percentage of fuel blend has decided? The description along with the results must be included.
Since hydrogen is the gaseous fuel and also very volatile and has high auto ignition temperature. So the hydrogen fuel used is used for enhancing the combustion processes. The maximum quantity of blends was kept for ethanol and methanol so that not much modifications are required.
• Can the author explain how they ensure the exact ratio of gasohol? Is that a weight basis or a volume basis?
The ratio of gasoline is volume based and is 100% Gasoline with liquid density of 850kg/m3
• There is no information on the equivalence or air-fuel ratio.
Equivalence ratio /Air fuel ratio was varied based on blended composition. For gasoline air/fuel ratio was in the range of 14:7 based on stoichiometric conditions. Accordingly, it was varied for Hydrogen and blended ethanol and methanol by using combustion balance equations. And calculating its stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.
• The optimum spark timing is bound to change with different gasohol percentages. Has this been studied?
Yes spark timings was also set before performing the simulations .It can be seen in Abstract.
• Did the author consider the cooling system for the simulation? Cooling methods would affect the formation of NOx level.
Since for reducing the NOx emissions it is important that the combustion chamber temperature should be in limits. Therefore, for this purpose the engine was operated at part load conditions, which significantly reduced its temperature.
• For the simulation, which combustion model has the author selected? Please, provide some clarity regarding this.
Wiebe 2 zone model was used for combustion model. This model was selected in the AVL Boost software, which helps in predicting the performance and emission characteristics of Engine.
• Quality of the figure must be enhanced Uniformity in the plots should maintained.
Figures have been significantly improved.
• The results section should be revised entirely; the authors must describe the physics in detail.

The results have been significantly improved and details were added for all the plots.
• It stated that the maximum pressure rise and combustion temperature occurred for gasoline rather than the other two fuel operations. However, the maximum power output/torque is observed for ETH90H10. Please clarify this.
Although the 100% gasoline fuel showed maximum pressure rise than Ethanol 90 H10 fuel. However, it has nothing to do with power rise for blended fuel. Since powerfully depends on speed and torque. While pressure rise is directly related with combustion quality and calorific value of the fuel. Since Ethanol has very low Calorific values as compared to 100% gasoline fuel. Only by, adding 10% of Hydrogen its calorific values significantly increases so power rise also are improved and we can see that reflects in the plot of power and torque.
• It would be appreciable if other combustion performances such as Coefficient of Variance, Rate of Pressure Rise, and Mass Fuel Burning Rate were added to this manuscript. These results will be more relevant here.
All the parameters mentioned above were used while performing the simulations. Since all the parameters have to be considered and the corresponding values were also added as per manual of AVL Boost simulation software.
• References 17 and 23 are similar

Those references have been corrected.

07-Dec-2023

Dear Dr Qadri:

Manuscript ID: EA-ART-09-2023-000139.R1
TITLE: Numerical One-Dimensional Investigations on Multi cylinder Spark Ignition Engine using Hydrogen/Ethanol, Hydrogen/Methanol and Gasoline in Dual Fuel mode.

Thank you for your submission to Environmental Science: Atmospheres, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. I sent your manuscript to reviewers and I have now received their reports which are copied below.

After careful evaluation of your manuscript and the reviewers’ reports, I will be pleased to accept your manuscript for publication after revisions.

Please revise your manuscript to fully address the reviewers’ comments. When you submit your revised manuscript please include a point by point response to the reviewers’ comments and highlight the changes you have made. Full details of the files you need to submit are listed at the end of this email.

Please submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible using this link :

*** PLEASE NOTE: This is a two-step process. After clicking on the link, you will be directed to a webpage to confirm. ***

https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/esatmos?link_removed

(This link goes straight to your account, without the need to log in to the system. For your account security you should not share this link with others.)

Alternatively, you can login to your account (https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/esatmos) where you will need your case-sensitive USER ID and password.

You should submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible; please note you will receive a series of automatic reminders. If your revisions will take a significant length of time, please contact me. If I do not hear from you, I may withdraw your manuscript from consideration and you will have to resubmit. Any resubmission will receive a new submission date.

The Royal Society of Chemistry requires all submitting authors to provide their ORCID iD when they submit a revised manuscript. This is quick and easy to do as part of the revised manuscript submission process. We will publish this information with the article, and you may choose to have your ORCID record updated automatically with details of the publication.

Please also encourage your co-authors to sign up for their own ORCID account and associate it with their account on our manuscript submission system. For further information see: https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/journal-authors-reviewers/processes-policies/#attribution-id

Environmental Science: Atmospheres strongly encourages authors of research articles to include an ‘Author contributions’ section in their manuscript, for publication in the final article. This should appear immediately above the ‘Conflict of interest’ and ‘Acknowledgement’ sections. I strongly recommend you use CRediT (the Contributor Roles Taxonomy, https://credit.niso.org/) for standardised contribution descriptions. All authors should have agreed to their individual contributions ahead of submission and these should accurately reflect contributions to the work. Please refer to our general author guidelines https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/author-and-reviewer-hub/authors-information/responsibilities/ for more information.

I look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Yours sincerely,
Prof. Nønne Prisle
Associate Editor, Environmental Sciences: Atmospheres

************

Reviewer 2

Please take a look at the comments below and revise the manuscript accordingly.
* I suggest the author get assistance from English language experts to eliminate grammatical errors.
* As mentioned in the response, it is suggested that the author include the available combustion data in the revised article.

Thanks for reviewing the paper again.

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND GRAMMAR HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED.AND IS NOW REFLECTING IN THE PAPER.
THE COMBUSTION MODEL IS ALREADY IN THE MANUSCRIPT.

15-Dec-2023

Dear Dr Qadri:

Manuscript ID: EA-ART-09-2023-000139.R2
TITLE: Numerical One-Dimensional Investigations on Multi cylinder Spark Ignition Engine using Hydrogen/Ethanol, Hydrogen/Methanol and Gasoline in Dual Fuel mode.

Thank you for your submission to Environmental Science: Atmospheres, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. I will be pleased to accept your manuscript for publication after revisions. In a previous round, a reviewer have asked you to include the combustion DATA. You have responded that the MODEL is already in the manuscript. Please add the requested data or clarify how the model is sufficient.

When you submit your revised manuscript please include a point by point response to the reviewers’ comments and highlight the changes you have made. Full details of the files you need to submit are listed at the end of this email.

Please submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible using this link :

*** PLEASE NOTE: This is a two-step process. After clicking on the link, you will be directed to a webpage to confirm. ***

https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/esatmos?link_removed

(This link goes straight to your account, without the need to log in to the system. For your account security you should not share this link with others.)

Alternatively, you can login to your account (https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/esatmos) where you will need your case-sensitive USER ID and password.

You should submit your revised manuscript as soon as possible; please note you will receive a series of automatic reminders. If your revisions will take a significant length of time, please contact me. If I do not hear from you, I may withdraw your manuscript from consideration and you will have to resubmit. Any resubmission will receive a new submission date.

The Royal Society of Chemistry requires all submitting authors to provide their ORCID iD when they submit a revised manuscript. This is quick and easy to do as part of the revised manuscript submission process. We will publish this information with the article, and you may choose to have your ORCID record updated automatically with details of the publication.

Please also encourage your co-authors to sign up for their own ORCID account and associate it with their account on our manuscript submission system. For further information see: https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/journal-authors-reviewers/processes-policies/#attribution-id

Environmental Science: Atmospheres strongly encourages authors of research articles to include an ‘Author contributions’ section in their manuscript, for publication in the final article. This should appear immediately above the ‘Conflict of interest’ and ‘Acknowledgement’ sections. I strongly recommend you use CRediT (the Contributor Roles Taxonomy, https://credit.niso.org/) for standardised contribution descriptions. All authors should have agreed to their individual contributions ahead of submission and these should accurately reflect contributions to the work. Please refer to our general author guidelines https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/author-and-reviewer-hub/authors-information/responsibilities/ for more information.

I look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Yours sincerely,
Prof. Nønne Prisle
Associate Editor, Environmental Sciences: Atmospheres

************

Rebuttal to Reviewer 2

* I suggest the author get assistance from English language experts to eliminate grammatical errors.

The manuscript is again thoroughly checked and updated the English Language along with grammatical errors were also eliminated.

* As mentioned in the response, it is suggested that the author include the available combustion data in the revised article.
Combustion Models is already available in the manuscript. With the Title combustion Model.
Subheadings are single zone model And Multi zone model.
Now combustion Data has also been added as per reviewer comments in the revised manuscript.

18-Dec-2023

Dear Dr Qadri:

Manuscript ID: EA-ART-09-2023-000139.R3
TITLE: Numerical One-Dimensional Investigations on Multi cylinder Spark Ignition Engine using Hydrogen/Ethanol, Hydrogen/Methanol and Gasoline in Dual Fuel mode.

Thank you for submitting your revised manuscript to Environmental Science: Atmospheres. I am pleased to accept your manuscript for publication in its current form. I have copied any final comments from the reviewer(s) below.

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