In this chapter, we investigate various aspects of record-keeping behaviour. These include the life-cycle of the scientific record and how the high-level processes of scientific research are used to construct it. We also look at how researchers learn to keep records and what influences the structure, content, and organisation of their notebooks, together with some examples from a variety of scientific disciplines. Keeping notes is more than just making random jottings in the notebook and we will discuss how the personal and private nature of notebooks, and the thoughts and experiences captured within, can influence the sharing behaviours of researchers.