Advanced Concepts in Photovoltaics
Photovoltaic systems enable the sun’s energy to be converted directly into electricity using semiconductor solar cells. The ultimate goal of photovoltaic research and development is to reduce the cost of solar power to reach or even become lower than the cost of electricity generated from fossil and nuclear fuels. The power conversion efficiency and the cost per unit area of the phototvoltaic system are critical factors that determine the cost of photovoltaic electricity. Until recently, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic cells has been limited to approximately 33% - the socalled Shockley-Queisser limit.
This book presents the latest developments in photovoltaics which seek to either reach or surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit, and to lower the cell cost per unit area. Progress toward this ultimate goal is presented for the three generations of photovoltaic cells: the 1st generation based on crystalline silicon semiconductors; the 2nd generation based on thin film silicon, compound semiconductors, amorphous silicon, and various mesoscopic structures; and the 3rd generation based on the unique properties of nanoscale materials, new inorganic and organic photoconversion materials, highly efficient multi-junction cells with low cost solar concentration, and novel photovoltaic processes.
The extent to which photovoltaic materials and processes can meet the expectations of efficient and cost effective solar energy conversion to electricity is discussed. Written by an international team of expert contributors, and with researchers in academia, national research laboratories, and industry in mind, this book is a comprehensive guide to recent progress in photovoltaics and essential for any library or laboratory in the field.
Advanced Concepts in Photovoltaics, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014.
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CHAPTER 1: Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with High Efficiencyp1-29ByStefan W. GlunzStefan W. GlunzFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr. 279110FreiburgGermanystefan.glunz@ise.fraunhofer.deSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 2: Tandem and Multiple-junction Devices Based on Thin-film Silicon Technologyp30-60ByChristophe Ballif;Christophe BallifEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Mathieu Boccard;Mathieu BoccardEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Karin Söderström;Karin SöderströmEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Grégory Bugnon;Grégory BugnonEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Fanny Meillaud;Fanny MeillaudEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Nicolas WyrschNicolas WyrschEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin film Electronics LaboratoryRue Bréguet 2CH-2000NeuchâtelSwitzerlandnicolas.wyrsch@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 3: Thin-film CdTe Photovoltaic Solar Cell Devicesp61-86ByTimothy Gessert;Timothy GessertNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)Golden, Colorado80401USASearch for other works by this author on:Brian McCandless;Brian McCandlessInstitute of Energy Conversion (IEC)Newark, Delaware19716USASearch for other works by this author on:Chris FerekidesChris FerekidesSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 4: III–V Multi-junction Solar Cellsp87-117BySimon P. Philipps;Simon P. PhilippsFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr. 279110FreiburgGermanysimon.philipps@ise.fraunhofer.deandreas.bett@ise.fraunhofer.deSearch for other works by this author on:Andreas W. BettAndreas W. BettFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr. 279110FreiburgGermanysimon.philipps@ise.fraunhofer.deandreas.bett@ise.fraunhofer.deSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 5: Thin-film Photovoltaics Based on Earth-abundant Materialsp118-185ByDiego Colombara;Diego ColombaraLaboratory for Energy Materials, University of Luxembourg41, rue du BrillL-4422BelvauxLuxembourgSearch for other works by this author on:Phillip Dale;Phillip DaleLaboratory for Energy Materials, University of Luxembourg41, rue du BrillL-4422BelvauxLuxembourgSearch for other works by this author on:Jonathan Scragg;Jonathan ScraggÅngström Solar Centre, Solid State Electronics, Uppsala UniversityBox 534751 21UppsalaSwedenSearch for other works by this author on:Susanne SiebentrittSusanne SiebentrittLaboratory for Photovoltaics, University of Luxembourg41, rue du BrillL-4422BelvauxLuxembourgSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 6: Chemistry of Sensitizers for Dye-sensitized Solar Cellsp186-241ByPeng Gao;Peng GaoLaboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyCH-1015LausanneSwitzerlandmdkhaja.nazeeruddin@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:Michael Grätzel;Michael GrätzelLaboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyCH-1015LausanneSwitzerlandmdkhaja.nazeeruddin@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:M. D. K. NazeeruddinM. D. K. NazeeruddinLaboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyCH-1015LausanneSwitzerlandmdkhaja.nazeeruddin@epfl.chSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 7: Perovskite Solar Cellsp242-257ByNam-Gyu ParkNam-Gyu ParkSchool of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440-746Republic of Koreanpark@skku.eduSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 8: All-oxide Photovoltaicsp258-286BySven Rühle;Sven RühleCenter for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat Gan52900Israelsven.ruhle@gmail.comArie.Zaban@biu.ac.ilSearch for other works by this author on:Arie ZabanArie ZabanCenter for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat Gan52900Israelsven.ruhle@gmail.comArie.Zaban@biu.ac.ilSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 9: Active Layer Limitations and Non-geminate Recombination in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cellsp287-323ByTracey M. Clarke;Tracey M. ClarkeARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of WollongongNorth WollongongNSW 2500Australiatclarke@uow.edu.auattila@uow.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Guanran Zhang;Guanran ZhangARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of WollongongNorth WollongongNSW 2500Australiatclarke@uow.edu.auattila@uow.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Attila J. MozerAttila J. MozerARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of WollongongNorth WollongongNSW 2500Australiatclarke@uow.edu.auattila@uow.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 10: Singlet Fission and 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran as a Model Chromophorep324-344ByJustin C. Johnson;Justin C. JohnsonNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USASearch for other works by this author on:Josef MichlJosef MichlDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309USAInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic16610Prague 6Czech Republicmichl@eefus.colorado.eduSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 11: Quantum Confined Semiconductors for Enhancing Solar Photoconversion through Multiple Exciton Generationp345-378ByAlexander H. Ip;Alexander H. IpUniversity of TorontoToronto, ONCanadaSearch for other works by this author on:Edward H. Sargent;Edward H. SargentUniversity of TorontoToronto, ONCanadaSearch for other works by this author on:Arthur J. NozikArthur J. NozikUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, COUSASearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 12: Hot Carrier Solar Cellsp379-424ByGavin Conibeer;Gavin ConibeerSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering and Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, The University of New South WalesSydney2052Australiag.conibeer@unsw.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Jean-François Guillemoles;Jean-François GuillemolesInstitut de Recherche et Developpement de l’Energie PhotovoltaiqueChatou78401FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Feng Yu;Feng YuSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering and Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, The University of New South WalesSydney2052Australiag.conibeer@unsw.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Hugo LevardHugo LevardInstitut de Recherche et Developpement de l’Energie PhotovoltaiqueChatou78401FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 13: Intermediate Band Solar Cellsp425-454ByYoshitaka Okada;Yoshitaka OkadaResearch Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904Japanokada@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jpSearch for other works by this author on:Tomah Sogabe;Tomah SogabeResearch Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904Japanokada@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jpSearch for other works by this author on:Yasushi ShojiYasushi ShojiResearch Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904Japanokada@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jpSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 14: Spectral Conversion for Thin Film Solar Cells and Luminescent Solar Concentratorsp455-488ByWilfried van Sark;Wilfried van SarkEnergy and Resources, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 23584 CSUtrechtthe Netherlandsw.g.j.h.m.vansark@uu.nlSearch for other works by this author on:Jessica de Wild;Jessica de WildPhysics of Devices, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceP.O. Box 800003508 TAUtrechtthe NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:Zachar Krumer;Zachar KrumerCondensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceP.O. Box 800003508 TAUtrechtthe NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:Celso de Mello Donegá;Celso de Mello DonegáCondensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceP.O. Box 800003508 TAUtrechtthe NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:Ruud SchroppRuud SchroppSolar Energy, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)High Tech Campus Building 5, p-057 (WAY)5656 AEEindhovenThe NetherlandsPlasma & Materials Processing, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e)P.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhoventhe NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 15: Triplet–triplet Annihilation Up-conversionp489-505ByMurad J. Y. TayebjeeMurad J. Y. TayebjeeSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSWSydney2052AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 16: Quantum Rectennas for Photovoltaicsp506-546ByFeng Yu;Feng YuSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering and Australia-US Institute for Advanced Photovoltaics, The University of New South WalesSydney2052Australiar.corkish@unsw.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Garret Moddel;Garret ModdelDepartment of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309-0425USASearch for other works by this author on:Richard CorkishRichard CorkishSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering and Australia-US Institute for Advanced Photovoltaics, The University of New South WalesSydney2052Australiar.corkish@unsw.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 17: Real World Efficiency Limits: the Shockley–Queisser Model as a Starting Pointp547-566ByPabitra K. Nayak;Pabitra K. NayakDepartment of Materials and Interface, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israeldavid.cahen@weizmann.ac.ilSearch for other works by this author on:David CahenDavid CahenDepartment of Materials and Interface, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israeldavid.cahen@weizmann.ac.ilSearch for other works by this author on:
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CHAPTER 18: Grid Parity and its Implications for Energy Policy and Regulationp567-595ByMuriel Watt;Muriel WattSchool of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of NSWSydneyNSW 2052Australiam.watt@unsw.edu.auSearch for other works by this author on:Iain MacGillIain MacGillSchool of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets (CEEM), University of NSWAustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:
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