Switching and detection of the Néel vector multistate in non-collinear antiferromagnetic NiF2 for logic applications

Abstract

Efficient manipulation of the Néel vector in antiferromagnetic materials is essential for advanced spintronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate 90° and 180° switching of the Néel vector in the NiF₂/Pt system under an applied magnetic field, with NiF₂ exhibiting four equivalent initial magnetization states. We present a detailed switching phase diagram based on magnetic field direction. Additionally, we propose a detection method using circularly or linearly polarized microwave fields to excite steady magnetization oscillations of the Néel vector, converting these oscillations into a detectable current via the inverse spin Hall effect, thereby distinguishing the four magnetization states. This four-state switching mechanism supports quaternary logic states ‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’, and ‘3’, and we propose quaternary AND and OR logic gates, enhancing compatibility, increasing output states, and reducing latency compared to binary systems, thereby advancing antiferromagnetic storage technology.