Advancing layered cathode for nonaqueous aluminum-ion batteries: Structure engineering and future prospects

Abstract

Rechargeable aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, inherent safety, cost-effectiveness. However, one of the key challenges in advancing AIBs technology lies in developing high-performance cathode materials that can effectively counteract the strong polarization of Al³⁺ and simultaneously improve ion diffusion kinetics. Among various cathodes, layered materials have garnered considerable attention due to their unique structural advantages, excellent electrochemical properties, and facile synthesis processes. This review systematically analyzed and discussed the fundamental working mechanisms of nonaqueous AIBs. The state-of-the-art research progresses for different types of cathodes with layered-structures were summarized and overviewed. Furthermore, effective strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of layered cathodes, including structural engineering, interlayer modulation, and defect optimization, were also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of layered cathodes in AIBs were summarized, and the future development perspectives were proposed to construct reliable electrode materials for AIBs. This review aims to offer critical insights and guidance for the rational design and development of high-performance layered materials for AIBs.