In vivo measurements of fascia lata effective mechanics combined to a memory fiber–recruitment–viscoelastic modeling approach

Abstract

The fascia lata plays a central role in force transmission and body mechanics, yet its in vivo mechanical behavior remains poorly characterized. Existing approaches --- shear wave elastography and direct force measurements alike --- share a fundamental limitation: none simultaneously captures both the elastic and viscous components of fascial mechanics within a single experiment. The primary aim of this study is therefore to develop an experimental and modeling framework that enables the reproducible measurement of the effective viscoelastic properties of the fascia lata in vivo. To this end, we combine controlled ramp--relaxation experiments on the human fascia lata with a constitutive model that integrates fiber recruitment and dual-timescale viscoelastic relaxation. We emphasize that this is an effective model: rather than describing intrinsic local material properties, it characterizes the mechanical response of the fascia lata complex including its coupling to the hip--thigh musculoskeletal system under controlled loading conditions. The model captures both the nonlinear stiffening during elongation and the dual decay of force during relaxation, using a minimal set of physically interpretable parameters. Repeated trials demonstrate good reproducibility, with parameter variability within $10\%$. Our results support the view that fascia lata behaves as a hierarchical, hydrated composite whose macroscopic mechanical response emerges from the coupled effects of collagen alignment, matrix viscoelasticity, and fluid flow. This work provides a quantitative foundation for future in vivo investigations into how training, rehabilitation, or aging influence the evolution of fascial mechanical properties.