Strategies and Mechanisms for High Thermal Conductivity in Aramid Nanofiber Composites: Fillers, Interfaces, and Thermal-Conduction Pathways

Abstract

Aramid nanofiber (ANF) composites are promising thermal interface materials due to their excellent mechanical and thermal stability, prominent electrical insulation properties, flame retardance and remarkable chemical corrosion resistance, which are capable of operating under extreme conditions. However, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity limits their heat dissipation application in high-power electrical components. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in enhancing the thermal conductivity of ANF composites from three critical perspectives: filler selection and design, interface modification strategies, and construction of ordered thermal-conduction pathways. Summarizing the advantages of composites with different types of thermally conductive fillers (ceramic, carbon, metal, and MXene fillers), analyzing the effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and chemical crosslinking on interfacial thermal resistance, discussing 0D/1D/2D, gradient and multilayer ordered thermal-conduction pathways design for achieving high thermal conductivity. Future challenges and research directions are also proposed, providing guidance for the development of next-generation high-performance thermal management materials.