All-Solid-State Fluorine Mapping by BaF⁺ Formation from Surface-Coated Barium in Femtosecond LA-ICP-MS/MS

Abstract

We present a novel all-solid-state approach for fluorine mapping using LA-ICP-MS/MS, where barium is introduced via surface coating rather than liquid nebulization. This method enables the formation of BaF+ ions directly from solid samples without instrument modification. Applied to fluorine-containing glass specimens, the technique demonstrated imaging performance while minimizing spectral interferences through optimized plasma and reaction cell conditions. This simplified strategy expands the applicability of BaF+-based fluorine analysis and offers a platform for spatially resolved elemental imaging across diverse solid materials.