Review on Photoelectrochemical Nitrogen Reduction: Advances and Perspectives

Abstract

Ammonia has long been seen as a significant energy source for attaining a sustainable and environmentally friendly future. In recent years, the technology of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia through photoelectrochemical methods has attracted significant attention, as it features a green process and zero carbon footprint, and is expected to serve as an alternative to the traditional large-scale Haber-Bosch process. However, the current conversion efficiency still faces challenges, mainly due to the activation of inert nitrogen and the hydrogen evolution competitive reaction. This review summarizes the latest developments in photoelectrochemical nitrogen fixation, with a focus on highlighting the benefits of photoelectrochemistry for ammonia synthesis and analyzing the application principles of various electrolyte systems. Finally, it discusses the current challenges and future prospects of photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reactions, aiming to provide strategic guidance and in-depth insights for the development of efficient photoelectrochemical systems for nitrogen fixation.