Photochemical Skeletal Editing: Conceptual Advances in C–C and C–Heteroatom Bond Activation

Abstract

Skeletal editing, defined as the addition, removal, or replacement of individual atoms or groups within ring systems, has emerged as a powerful strategy in modern synthetic chemistry. This transformative approach addresses the ongoing demand for novel drug candidates and high-performance materials by enabling precise alterations to molecular frameworks while preserving key functional features. Commonly employed in late-stage modifications, skeletal editing reduces reliance on time-consuming, step-intensive de novo syntheses, thereby streamlining the development and refinement of complex molecular architectures. Early efforts in skeletal editing were predominantly focused on thermally driven pathways, which have been extensively documented in prior reviews. More recently, however, growing attention has turned to photochemical strategies, as visible-light-mediated reactions offer unique advantages over purely thermal processes. Yet, a comprehensive account of these emerging photochemical approaches has remained limited. In this tutorial review, we summarize recent advances in photochemical skeletal editing with an emphasis on the interconversion of organic molecules. We anticipate that this perspective will not only underscore the innovative nature of light-driven skeletal editing but also highlight the substantial opportunities that remain to be explored in this rapidly evolving field.