Photoelectrode materials for green hydrogen production: an overview

Abstract

The production of green hydrogen via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising pathway for sustainable energy generation, harnessing sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. At the heart of this technology are photoelectrode materials, which play a critical role in determining the efficiency, stability, and scalability of hydrogen production systems. This overview highlights the fundamental properties required for photoelectrodes, including suitable band gap, excellent light absorption capability, and stability in aqueous environments. We briefly discuss the performance of various material classes, highlighting their strengths and challenges, and addressing advances in surface engineering, including nanostructuring and protective coatings, which enhance efficiency and durability. In summary, this overview provides information on current trends in photoelectrode materials research and identifies prospective avenues for future progress that could serve as a guide for young researchers willing to explore the field. The information contained herein may also help expedite the commercialization of PEC-driven green hydrogen production.