Combined "Grass Grid" and "Reverse Biomineralization" Boosts the Powder Anode Utilization of Zn-Air Batteries

Abstract

Inspired by grass-grid sand fixation and reverse biomineralization, we propose a synergistic strategy to stabilize powder anodes: E-44 epoxy resin anchors Zn powder within nickel foam, while BS-12 induces preferential crystal-plane reactions to suppress anisotropic corrosion. The optimized Zn-air battery delivers a specific capacity of 662 mAh g -1 at 20 mA cm -2 with 80.7% Zn utilization, 7.4 times that of the control. This approach also enables waste-to-energy conversion, generating 172 kWh and $269 profit per ton of metal dust, offering a universal route for stabilizing powder anodes in corrosive environments.