One-step formation of composite inorganic interphases for stable zinc metal anodes

Abstract

Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are susceptible to side reactions at the anode–electrolyte interface, which limit their cycling stability. Here, we report a one-step synthesis of a composite inorganic-rich interfacial layer on Zn anodes, composed of ZnF₂, ZnO, and Zn₃(PO₄)₂. This layer combines strong zinc affinity with hydrophobicity, facilitating uniform Zn²⁺ deposition while effectively protecting the anode from corrosion.