Electrospun aligned nanofibers for tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate damaged tissues using scaffolds that mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Aligned nanofibrous scaffolds have gained prominence due to their ability to replicate the structural and biochemical properties of the ECM. This review outlines the application of nanofibers in tissue engineering, particularly in musculoskeletal, neural, and cardiovascular tissues. The impact of fiber alignment on key cellular behaviors -such as adhesion, migration, orientation, and differentiation -is highlighted. Additionally, the integration of nanofibers with bioactive molecules like growth factors, peptides, and drugs for enhanced tissue regeneration is explored. Preclinical and clinical studies are reviewed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these scaffolds. The review concludes with a discussion on current challenges and future directions for the use of aligned nanofiber scaffolds in tissue engineering.