Review on perovskite oxides and their applications in energy conversion and storage devices

Abstract

This study focuses on electrochemical energy that can be used as a catalyst to produce oxygen and hydrogen. Direct and indirect processes are the two types of processes that are most widely acknowledged. Direct methods have a better thermal performance, whereas indirect processes appear to be more difficult because of their low efficiency, significant heat loss, and lack of easily accessible heat-resistant materials. Indirect methods include thermoelectric photo-degradation, bio-photosynthesis, and electrolysis. It seems that there are some benefits in using indirect methods. Heterogeneous photocatalytic process reduces the amount of pollutant's emission released into the environment because of the high temperatures produced; electrolysis is effective due to minimum pollution; and mono-chemical reactions are notable as they require less energy. According to various assessments, electrolysis produces hydrogen with the highest energy efficiency when compared with other processes, developing a clean energy source that functions both as a present supplement and a future alternative to conventional energy sources. Researchers are working on developing suitable and cost-effective technologies to convert renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy, wind, solar, micro hydro tides, biomass, and water, into electricity. Sunlight stands out among these new energies as being very unique and cost effective in energy conversion.