Pancatalytic biomaterials enable inflammation-related disease intervention

Abstract

Inflammatory disease (ID) is an umbrella term encompassing all conditions where both acute and chronic inflammation serve as the central pathogenic mechanism, imposing a profound global health burden due to the high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic impact of these conditions. These pathologies are unified by dysregulated inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, and immune microenvironment imbalances, which drive progressive tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Conventional therapies, including immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatory agents, often provide only palliative relief, fail to address root causes, and carry the risk of systemic toxicity. The emerging pancatalytic biomaterial based approach, which involves the holistic management of preparation (P) of the catalyst, activation (A) of the biological effect and nontoxic treatment (N) of diseases, offers a transformative paradigm for precision management of ID. These pancatalytic biomaterials constitute the operational foundation of pancatalytic therapy, a multidisciplinary framework that integrates catalytic biomaterials with catalytic biology and catalytic medicine to systematically orchestrate pathological processes via the P–A–N framework, ultimately redefining therapeutic strategies from toxic therapy to nontoxic treatment. This review systematically investigates the rational design of pancatalytic biomaterials, classifying them into inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic hybrid systems based on the composition. The therapeutic applications of pancatalytic biomaterials across cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, sensory and other systems are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the current challenges in this field are discussed, and future developments and trends in employing pancatalytic biomaterials for inflammatory disease treatment are projected, thereby advancing further research and clinical translation.