Top-ranked efficiency under indoor light of DSSC enabled by iodide-based DES-like solvents electrolyte

This work presents the next paradigm shift in solar energy technology in which a novel iodide-based DES-like mixture has been first investigated as an active electrolyte solvent in dye-sensitized solar...

DES-like solution J sc (mA cm -2 ) V oc (mV) FF PCE (%)       S5.Lines represent the result of the fitting with the equivalent circuit in the inset.

Irradiance and illuminance determination
Since precisely measuring the power density generated by the light source is mandatory to calculate a reliable power conversion efficiency of the cells under investigation (PCE = P out /P in ), we developed an easy way to measure it with instruments that are often present in solar research laboratories, avoiding the use of an expensive spectroradiometer.The only devices needed are a spectrometer able to measure the emission spectrum of the lamp in arbitrary units and a calibrated Si-photodiode, that is commonly used to calibrate External Quantum Efficiency stations.The final aim is obtaining the irradiance spectrum R(λ), so that, by integrating it over all the wavelengths, we can calculate the total power density of the lamp (Fig. S1).The irradiance spectrum can be seen as the product of a normalized spectrum g(λ) (intensity between 0 and 1) and a normalization constant (K), R(λ) = K g(λ).The photocurrent generated by a calibrated photodiode, when illuminated by the lamp under test at a given position, can be seen as the integral of the product of the irradiance R(λ) and its calibration curve, f(λ) (Fig. S16).
It is now easy to calculate K because I mis can be measured, for example by connecting the photodiode to a Keithley SMU, g(λ) can be obtained by normalizing the emission spectrum in arbitrary units and the calibration curve f(λ) is given by the producer of the photodiode.Using software for data analysis, such as Origin, it is possible to calculate the integral value, obtain K and, finally, the desired irradiance spectrum.From the irradiance it is also possible to accurately calculate the illuminance in lux.It is enough to multiply the irradiance R(λ) by the Photopic luminous efficiency function V(λ), which is tabulated, then integrate the product and multiply it by the maximum spectral luminous efficacy for human photopic vision, that is 683 lm/W.

Fig. S2 .
Fig. S2.FT-IR spectra of the investigated 1:2 ChI/EG mixture (solid line) and of the two pure components (dashed lines).

Fig. S5 .
Fig. S5.Nyquist plots of dummy cells containing all the investigated DES-based solutions.
Fig. S6.J/V curves of DSSC with ChCl vs ChI DESs with PTZ-Th-EG as sensitizer with 1:10 GlcA as a coadsorbent.

Fig. S14 .
Fig. S14.EIS data plots of DSSCs described in TableS5.Lines represent the result of the fitting with the equivalent circuit in the inset.

Table S6 .
Electrochemical parameters obtained from Nyquist plots data fitting of DSSC using

Table S7 .
Comparison of the electrochemical parameters obtained from Nyquist plots data fitting of DSSC using

Table S6 .
Electrochemical parameters obtained from Nyquist plots data fitting of DSSC using TPA-TTh-C 6 as sensitizer and CDCA (10 CDCA:1 dye) as a co-adsorbent in dark.

Table S7 .
Comparison of the electrochemical parameters obtained from Nyquist plots data fitting of DSSC using TPA-TTh-C 6 as sensitizer and CDCA (10 CDCA:1 dye) as a co-adsorbent in dark and under 0.23 sun illumination.R3=R rec , R4=R diff .Pseudo capacitance can be calculated as .