Issue 30, 2024

Ultrafast dynamics of fluorene initiated by highly intense laser fields

Abstract

We present an investigation of the ultrafast dynamics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene initiated by an intense femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse (810 nm) and probed by a weak visible pulse (405 nm). Using a multichannel detection scheme (mass spectra, electron and ion velocity-map imaging), we provide a full disentanglement of the complex dynamics of the vibronically excited parent molecule, its excited ionic states, and fragments. We observed various channels resulting from the strong-field ionization regime. In particular, we observed the formation of the unstable tetracation of fluorene, above-threshold ionization features in the photoelectron spectra, and evidence of ubiquitous secondary fragmentation. We produced a global fit of all observed time-dependent photoelectron and photoion channels. This global fit includes four parent ions extracted from the mass spectra, 15 kinetic-energy-resolved ionic fragments extracted from ion velocity map imaging, and five photoelectron channels obtained from electron velocity map imaging. The fit allowed for the extraction of 60 lifetimes of various metastable photoinduced intermediates.

Graphical abstract: Ultrafast dynamics of fluorene initiated by highly intense laser fields

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
18 Oct 2023
Accepted
17 May 2024
First published
20 Jun 2024

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024,26, 20261-20272

Ultrafast dynamics of fluorene initiated by highly intense laser fields

D. Garg, P. Chopra, J. W. L. Lee, D. S. Tikhonov, S. Kumar, O. Akcaalan, F. Allum, R. Boll, A. A. Butler, B. Erk, E. Gougoula, S. P. Gruet, L. He, D. Heathcote, E. Jones, M. M. Kazemi, J. Lahl, A. K. Lemmens, Z. Liu, D. Loru, S. Maclot, R. Mason, J. Merrick, E. Müller, T. Mullins, C. C. Papadopoulou, C. Passow, J. Peschel, M. Plach, D. Ramm, P. Robertson, D. Rompotis, A. Simao, A. L. Steber, A. Tajalli, A. Tul-Noor, N. Vadassery, I. S. Vinklárek, S. Techert, J. Küpper, A. M. Rijs, D. Rolles, M. Brouard, S. Bari, P. Eng-Johnsson, C. Vallance, M. Burt, B. Manschwetus and M. Schnell, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 20261 DOI: 10.1039/D3CP05063G

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