Design and preparation of hollow triple-shell CaMgFe2O4 nanospheres for green synthesis of spiro-dihydrofurans under solvent free conditions

Abstract

Magnetic hollow spheres have attracted broad interest in multidisciplinary research owing to their unique structure and excellent properties. Due to their large specific surface area, well-defined active sites, limited void space, and tunable mass transfer rate, magnetic hollow spheres can serve as excellent catalysts, supports, and reactors for various catalytic applications, including photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and electrocatalysis. In this study, hollow spheres with a multi-metallic core triple shell were prepared. The CaMgFe₂O₄ catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, VSM, EDX, TGA, FE-SEM, TEM and XRD techniques. The catalytic performance of the hollow CaMgFe₂O₄ nanospheres was evaluated for the one-pot synthesis of spiro-dihydrofurans through a condensation reaction. The results of this research suggest that hollow triple-shell CaMgFe₂O₄ nanospheres have potential as a reactive catalyst for this one-pot reaction.