Issue 22, 2021

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and twists beyond TICT: from mechanisms to rational designs of bright and sensitive fluorophores

Abstract

The twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism has guided the development of numerous bright and sensitive fluorophores. This review briefly overviews the history of establishing the TICT mechanism, and systematically summarizes the molecular design strategies in modulating the TICT tendency of various organic fluorophores towards different applications, along with key milestone studies and representative examples. Additionally, we also succinctly review the twisted intramolecular charge shuttle (TICS) and twists during photoinduced electron transfer (PET), and compare their similarities and differences with TICT, with emphasis on understanding the structure–property relationships between the twisted geometries and how they can directly affect the fluorescence of the molecules. Such structure–property relationships presented herein will greatly aid the rational development of fluorophores that involve molecular twisting in the excited state.

Graphical abstract: Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and twists beyond TICT: from mechanisms to rational designs of bright and sensitive fluorophores

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
24 Jun 2021
First published
11 Oct 2021

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021,50, 12656-12678

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and twists beyond TICT: from mechanisms to rational designs of bright and sensitive fluorophores

C. Wang, W. Chi, Q. Qiao, D. Tan, Z. Xu and X. Liu, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 12656 DOI: 10.1039/D1CS00239B

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