Issue 15, 2024

Lymphoid organ-targeted nanomaterials for immunomodulation of cancer, inflammation, and beyond

Abstract

Nanomaterials exhibit significant potential for stimulating immune responses, offering both local and systemic modulation across a variety of diseases. The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are home to various immune cells, including monocytes and dendritic cells, which contribute to both the progression and prevention/treatment of diseases. Consequently, many nanomaterial formulations are being rationally designed to target these organs and engage with specific cell types, thereby inducing therapeutic and protective effects. In this review, we explore crucial cellular interactions and processes involved in immune regulation and highlight innovative nano-based immunomodulatory approaches. We outline essential considerations in nanomaterial design with an emphasis on their impact on biological interactions, targeting capabilities, and treatment efficacy. Through selected examples, we illustrate the strategic targeting of therapeutically active nanomaterials to lymphoid organs and the subsequent immunomodulation for infection resistance, inflammation suppression, self-antigen tolerance, and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we address current challenges, discuss emerging topics, and share our outlook on future developments in the field.

Graphical abstract: Lymphoid organ-targeted nanomaterials for immunomodulation of cancer, inflammation, and beyond

Article information

Article type
Tutorial Review
Submitted
30 Apr 2024
First published
03 Jul 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024,53, 7657-7680

Lymphoid organ-targeted nanomaterials for immunomodulation of cancer, inflammation, and beyond

J. C. Hsu, P. Liu, Y. Song, W. Song, R. J. Saladin, Y. Peng, S. Hu, X. Lan and W. Cai, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 7657 DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00421C

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