Laser-induced MXene/LIG ternary heterostructure: construction and health monitoring application of a high performance self-powered friction sensor

Abstract

This study adopts an innovative strategy that combines laser-induced technology with chemical bonding to construct flexible MXene/LIG@laser (MLL) composite films with a ternary heterostructure of V₂CT_x–LIG–V₂O₅, which were assembled into a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (MLL-TENG) with a single electrode structure. An open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 200.69 V and a short-circuit current (I_SC) of 4.44 µA were achieved using the MLL-TENG. System characterization showed that the MLL-TENG had excellent mechanical durability (>6000 cycles, decay rate of 2.8%), high sensitivity (22.64 V N⁻¹ at 0.1 N), a fast response/recovery time (90/100 ms), and environmental stability (20–80 °C). The MLL-TENG can be applied to human health monitoring and haptic sensing for continuous monitoring of joint flexural amplitude, laryngeal vibration frequency and gait behavior. Based on a quantitative analysis of the range of motion of human joints and the frequency of muscle group movement, a dynamic assessment of the physiological state of the participants can be performed. It provides low-cost detection solutions in scenarios such as the early warning of Parkinson's disease and real-time monitoring of an athlete's movement status. Its on-line and noninvasive monitoring capabilities are of great significance in disease prevention, rehabilitation, and healthcare.