Nanoarchitectured peroxidase-mimetic nanozymes: mesoporous nanocrystalline α- or γ-iron oxide?

Abstract

Nanozymes (nanoparticles with enzyme-like properties) have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their intrinsic enzyme-like properties and broad application in the fields of ELISA based immunoassay and biosensing. Herein, we systematically investigate the influence of crystal phases (γ-Fe₂O₃ and α-Fe₂O₃) of mesoporous iron oxide (IO) on their peroxidase mimetic activity. In addition, we have also demonstrated the applicability of these mesoporous IOs as nanozymes for detecting the glucose biomarker with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.9 μM. Mesoporous γ-Fe₂O₃ shows high nanozyme activities (and magnetism) toward the catalytic oxidation of chromogenic substances, such as 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)-ABTS, as well as for the colourimetric detection of glucose, compared to that of α-Fe₂O₃. We believe that this in-depth study of crystal structure based nanozyme activity will guide designing highly effective nanozymes based on iron oxide nanostructures for chemical sensing, biosensing and environmental remediation.