Analytical eco-scale determination of vortioxetine using advanced electrochemical platform for screen-printed disposable multiwalled carbon nanotube electrode in the presence of an anionic surfactant

Abstract

A disposable screen-printed electrode, modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes, was created as a sensor for the measurement of vortioxetine hydrobromide as an inexpensive quick and convenient method. It was demonstrated that the multiwalled carbon nanotube screen printed electrode inside the buffer of Britton–Robinson adjusted at pH 6.0 together with anionic surface-active agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate) could significantly enhance the electrochemical oxidation of vortioxetine hydrobromide. Electrochemical response was investigated and verified on multiwalled carbon nanotube screen-printed electrode in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were utilized to characterize the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotube screen-printed electrode. Under perfect experimental conditions, the analytical results showed direct relationship responses in the range of 6.0–60.0 ng mL⁻¹. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 2.0 and 6.0 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The results show that the recommended sensor is highly suitable, profitable, and easily applicable in quality control laboratories to achieve the fast determination for vortioxetine hydrobromide either in its pure form or in dosage form, when there is either its oxidative degradation or interfering substances. Furthermore, vortioxetine hydrobromide in spiked human serum was examined using the suggested method. Moreover, the pathway for the electrode reaction was postulated. Following that, the investigated electrochemical process was evaluated using the analytical eco-scale, which proved to be an excellent green analysis.