Pressure effects on both fluorescent emission and charge transport properties of organic semiconductors: a computational study

Abstract

External pressure can regulate the photophysical property and charge transport performance of organic semiconductors, however, the underlying mechanism at the microscopic level is still elusive. Using thermal vibrational correlation function coupled quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and full quantum charge transfer rate theory, we systematically explore the influence of pressure on fluorescence emission and charge transport behaviours of representative cyclooctatetrathiophene (COTh). It is found that, upon pressurization, the intramolecular configurations of COTh became more twisted, leading to the blue-shifted emission. The fluorescence quantum efficiency (FQE) of COTh crystals decreases monotonically in a wide pressure range of 0–4.38 GPa, because the increase of intermolecular electronic energy transfer rate constant (k_eet) is larger than the decrease of internal conversion rate constant (k_ic), and the variation of k_eet is dominant. The decrease in k_ic is attributed to the decreasing reorganization energy, reflecting the suppression of the low-frequency flipping vibrations of four thiophene rings and the high-frequency stretching vibrations of central cyclooctatetraene, while the k_eet increase is due to the simultaneous increase in exciton coupling and spectra overlap. Moreover, we predicted that the hole mobility of COTh increases monotonically by nearly an order of magnitude from 0.39 to 3.00 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ upon compression, because of the increase in transfer integral and the decrease of charged reorganization energy. Furthermore, its hole mobility exhibits obvious anisotropy. Our work systematically builds the external pressure, molecular packing, luminescence and transport properties relationships of organic semiconductors and provides theoretical guidance for the rational design of pressure responsive organic semiconductors with excellent photoelectric performance.