Multi-energetic group synergy driven design and synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-fused energetic compounds

Abstract

The design and synthesis of high-energy and high-safety energetic compounds are highly desirable for researchers in the field of energetic materials. In this case, significant efforts have been devoted to alleviating the contradiction between energy and safety. Herein, a new series of energetic compounds was designed and synthesized by assembling C–NO₂, gem-dinitro, and C–NH₂ or N → O with a [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-fused ring, resulting in the formation of energetic compounds 6–13. All the new compounds were fully characterized via NMR, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DSC. The structures of 6, 7, 10 and 13 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 6–12 exhibited a good balance between energy and safety with excellent detonation performance (vD = 8049–8663 m s⁻¹ and P = 27.6–32.7 GPa) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS ≥ 30 J and FS = 180–240 N). Compound 13 exhibited high detonation performances (vD = 8893 m s⁻¹ and P = 36.0 GPa), which is superior to RDX. Hopefully, this work will provide guidance for the design and synthesis of high-energy, highly thermally stable and low-sensitive energetic compounds.