Sunlight-induced three-component synthesis of α-aminoketones: a green and sustainable pathway through an EDA complex

Abstract

A sunlight-promoted three-component reaction involving aryl/alkyl glyoxal hydrates, anilines, and 4-alkyl DHPs is described herein, which enables the synthesis of various α-aminoketones with high yields. Notably, this sunlight-driven reaction takes place under ambient conditions, avoiding the use of an additional photocatalyst and additive and providing an environment-friendly pathway for the synthesis of valuable α-aminoketones. The reaction mechanism has been thoroughly investigated through TEMPO trapping, on–off experiments, isotopic labelling studies, and kinetic isotopic effect analysis. The formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex has been confirmed as the crucial intermediate facilitating single electron transfer to realize radical formation.