Polymers for perovskite solar cells: advances and perspectives

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance, low manufacturing costs, and extensive application potential. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction PSCs has exceeded 27.0%. Polymers are widely employed across various industries owing to their tunable structures and excellent stability. To develop highly efficient and stable PSCs, polymers have been seamlessly integrated into additive strategies, interface engineering materials, and charge transport layers. Among these components, the polymer hole transport layer (HTL) is a focal point of current research. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in polymer-based HTLs and discusses their regulatory mechanisms, particularly in terms of band arrangement regulation, defect passivation, inhibition of non-radiative recombination, enhancement of wettability, and improvement of stability. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms between polymers and perovskites are also analyzed. Meanwhile, electron transport layers (ETLs), interface modification layers, and bulk phase passivation additives based on functional polymers are thoroughly explored as well, revealing their mechanisms of action while providing guidance for future developments in polymer-based PSCs. Finally, based on the current state of research and development trends in this field, this review forecasts the future application prospects for polymer materials within PSCs.