Advances of MXene/liquid metal composites for next-generation rechargeable batteries

Abstract

MXene, a two-dimensional (2D) material known for its high electrical conductivity, abundant surface functional groups, various types, and tunable morphology, has emerged as a promising material for widespread applications. Liquid metal (LM), characterized by its fluidic nature, excellent thermal/electrical conductivity, and self-healing properties, has also attracted significant interest from the scientific community. Recently, the integration of MXene with LM has gained great attention in rechargeable batteries due to its ability to overcome challenges such as volume expansion of electrode materials, dendrite formation, and interface instability. The synergistic combination of MXene and LM has shown some special properties in promoting the electrochemical performance of batteries, particularly in lithium–ion, lithium–metal, and zinc–ion batteries. These MXene/LM composites can serve as high-performance anodes, versatile interface layers, or flexible current collectors, contributing to improved battery efficiency, stability, safety, and cycling life. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in MXene/LM composites for the first time, highlighting their applications in the field of next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, this review explores the future prospects and potential avenues for research in this rapidly evolving domain.