Highly oriented quasi-2D layered tin halide perovskites with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide for efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells

Abstract

3D tin-based halide perovskites are promising light absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their non-toxicity, suitable optical band gaps, and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the inherent rapid crystallization and easy oxidation of Sn²⁺ to Sn⁴⁺ in 3D perovskites result in a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and poor stability of tin perovskite solar cells compared with the lead counterparts. In this report, quasi-2D hybrid tin-based perovskite films are fabricated by using 2-thiopheneethylammonium (TEA⁺) as the spacer cation in MASnI₃ (MA: CH₃NH₃⁺), leading to the formation of quasi-2D perovskite films with high orientation and a low content of Sn⁴⁺. As a result, the perovskite solar cells show a considerable power-conversion efficiency of 6.8%, which is among the highest values reported for MASnI₃-based solar cells. Moreover, the devices exhibited excellent stability compared with the device without TEAI.