On the role of thermal activation in selective photochemistry: mechanistic insight into the oxidation of propene on the V4O11−cluster

Abstract

An experimental methodology for a mechanistic analysis of gas phase chemical reactions is presented in the context of structure–reactivity relationships of metal oxide clusters relevant to photocatalysis. The spectroscopic approach is demonstrated with the investigation of the photoinduced oxygenation of propene on the V₄O₁₁⁻cluster, where the thermal activation and subsequent photoreaction are deduced with the information from (i) the temperature dependency of the aggregation kinetics in the propene-seeded helium atmosphere of an ion-trap reactor; (ii) the fluence dependency in the yield of different product channels of the photoreaction and (iii) the intensity dependency in the fragmentation of neutral reaction products that are probed via in situ multi-photon ionization. For the thermal reaction, selective hydrogen abstraction from the allylic position of propene accompanied by the linkage to the cluster at the dioxo moiety is postulated as the mechanism in the aggregation of propene on the V₄O₁₁⁻cluster. In accordance with an insightful neutralization–reionization study (Schröder et al., J. Mass. Spectrom., 2010, 301, 84), the subsequent photoinduced reaction is defined by an allylic oxidation in the formation of acrolein from the initial allyloxy radical photoproduct. The relevance of the observed selectivity is discussed in view of the electronic structure and bond motifs offered by high valence oxide systems such as the V₄O₁₁⁻cluster.