Oxygen-deficient photostable Cu2O for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

Abstract

Oxygen vacancies in inorganic semiconductors play an important role in reducing electron–hole recombination, which may have important implications in photocatalysis. Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O), a visible light active p-type semiconductor, is a promising photocatalyst. However, the synthesis of photostable Cu₂O enriched with oxygen defects remains a challenge. We report a simple method for the gram-scale synthesis of highly photostable Cu₂O nanoparticles by the hydrolysis of a Cu(I)-triethylamine [Cu(I)–TEA] complex at low temperature. The oxygen vacancies in these Cu₂O nanoparticles led to a significant increase in the lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers upon excitation with visible light. This, in combination with a suitable energy band structure, allowed Cu₂O nanoparticles to exhibit outstanding photoactivity in visible light through the generation of electron-mediated hydroxyl (OH˙) radicals. This study highlights the significance of oxygen defects in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of promising semiconductor photocatalysts.