Synthesis of Energetic Materials Derived from Hydroxynitropyrazine

Abstract

Energetic materials serve as one of the cornerstone materials for the development of the defense industry, which is why the research and development of novel energetic materials have consistently attracted significant attention. The emergence and advancement of energetic salts have provided breakthrough strategies for the design of a new generation of energetic materials. In this study, hydroxynitropyrazine compounds were selected as energetic framework and assembled with organic cations and inorganic metal ions, respectively, leading to the successful synthesis of salt 1, 2 and 3. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, Compounds 1–3 all exhibit low sensitivity (IS > 50 J, FS > 360 N), excellent thermal stability (thermal decomposition temperatures ranging from 205  °C to 273  °C), and good detonation performance (detonation velocities reaching 7273-8106 m s^-¹), making them promising candidate systems for insensitive energetic materials. The successful preparation of these three compounds demonstrates that hydroxynitropyrazine-based energetic framework can effectively balance energy and sensitivity