In situ artificial solid electrolyte interface engineering on an anode for prolonging the cycle life of lithium-metal batteries

Abstract

Lithium, with its high theoretical capacity and low potential, has been widely investigated as the anode in energy storage/conversion devices. However, their commercial applications always suffer from undesired dendrite growth, which forms in the charging process and may puncture the separator, leading to short cycle lives and even security problems. Herein, by an in situ displacement reaction using SnF₂ at room temperature, we constructed an artificial solid electrolyte interface (ASEI) of LiF/Li–Sn outside the Li anode. This hybrid strategy can induce a synergy between the high Li⁺ conductivity of the Li–Sn alloy and good electrical insulation of LiF. Moreover, extreme synergy can be achieved by moderating the thickness of the LiF/Li–Sn ASEI, guiding dendrite-free lithium plating and stripping. As a result, a Li//LiFePO₄ battery that is assembled from the LiF/Li–Sn ASEI-engineered Li anode can obtain 1000 cycled lives with 86.3% capacity retention under a charge/discharge rate of 5 C. This work provides an alternative way to construct dendrite-free lithium metal anodes, which significantly benefit the cycle lives of LMBs.