Molten salt electrolysis: promising technology to capture and transform CO2 into valuable carbon materials

Abstract

The escalating concentration of atmospheric CO₂, now exceeding 423.68 ppm and representing a 50% increase since pre-industrial times, underscores an urgent imperative to curb emissions. Scientists worldwide are actively investigating eco-friendly pathways to convert CO₂ into valuable carbon-based materials. Recently, the application of molten salts in CO₂ electro-conversion has garnered significant attention. In this overview, we meticulously detail the advancements in molten salt electrolysis technology for CO₂ capture and electro-transformation over the past decade. The mechanisms of CO₂ capture and conversion in molten salt are elucidated. Additionally, a detailed analysis of synthesis parameters for various carbon materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), spherical carbon, graphene, and doped carbon is conducted. The applications of some carbon materials in clean energy storage and conversion are also expanded. Furthermore, the methods for the separation and purification of carbon products from molten salt are incorporated. Finally, we delve into the prospects and challenges of molten salt electrochemistry for CO₂ transformation, underlining its potential to drive a sustainable and environmentally friendly future.