A review of the water dilemma and hydrogen-bond chemistry for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a pivotal contender for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to their advantages of abundant metal resources, safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. Nevertheless, practical applications remain constrained by challenges such as cathode material dissolution, dendrite growth, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electrolyte failure at low temperatures and other side reactions. These challenges stem from the unique dynamic properties of the hydrogen bond network in AZIB systems. However, to date, a systematic summary and comprehensive understanding of hydrogen bonds’ impacts on AZIBs components has not been comprehensively reported. In this review, we initially examine the inherent flaws of AZIBs’ key elements from a microscopic viewpoint. Subsequently, focusing on hydrogen bond interactions, the feasibility and scientific rationale for optimizing battery performance through modulation of the hydrogen bond network have been discussed and summarized. Advanced strategies and diverse perspectives for enhancing the hydrogen bond network are briefly overviewed. Ultimately, we anticipate future research directions concerning hydrogen bonds in AZIBs, addressing current challenges and proposing a viable strategy for designing high-performance AZIBs.