Electrochemical tuning of a Cu3P/Ni2P hybrid for a promoted hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

Developing novel and high performance electrocatalysts for use in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) as substitutes for noble metal based electrocatalysts is imperative and, so far, has been a challenge. Herein, a self-supported Cu₃P/Ni₂P hybrid on nickel foam (Cu₃P/Ni₂P@NF) is prepared by a simple galvanic replacement reaction coupled with phosphorization. Subsequently, Cu₃P/Ni₂P@NF is modified by conducting cyclic voltammetry scans in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution. Interestingly, after electrochemical tuning, the as-prepared Cu₃P/Ni₂P@NF exhibits significantly enhanced HER activity. Particularly, the resultant Cu₃P/Ni₂P@NF catalyst after 4000 cycles exhibits superior catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER with an overpotential of only 67 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and a low Tafel slope of 43.9 mV dec⁻¹. The improved HER performance is attributed to the increased intrinsic activity of the Cu₃P/Ni₂P@NF with its optimized crystal and electronic structure, as well as an increased number of accessible active sites due to surface dissolution and recrystallization induced by electrochemical modification.