Improved green synthesis of manganese-based halide perovskites via high-energy ball milling and their multiple applications

Abstract

In recent years, with the growing global demand for environmentally friendly materials, manganese-based halide perovskite materials have emerged as a current research hotspot due to their low toxicity and outstanding optoelectronic properties. In this work, a Cs₃MnBr₅ host was successfully synthesized via an improved high-energy ball-milling method using low-cost MnBr₂·4H₂O as the raw material. This matrix exhibits excellent optical properties, with a photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) as high as 66%. Meanwhile, it maintains outstanding thermal stability and photostability even under harsh conditions such as high temperatures and ultraviolet light radiation. Notably, the CsMnBr₃·2H₂O material was prepared by adjusting the raw material ratio. It can be observed that it can undergo a crystal structure transformation from CsMnBr₃·2H₂O to CsMnBr₃, Cs₂MnBr₄ and Cs₃MnBr₅ through temperature regulation and treatment with various solvents. This makes it a photoluminescent material capable of responding to multiple stimuli. The luminescent color of the powder sample progressively transitions from initially pale pink to pink, yellow-green, and ultimately bright green. These characteristics demonstrate the potential applications of manganese-based halide perovskite materials in fields such as organic reagent detection, multidimensional anti-counterfeiting and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).