Factors Affecting the Resistivity and Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) of Manganite Materials

Abstract

Perovskite manganites exhibit unique phenomena such as phase diversity and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), originating from the strong interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this review, we discuss intrinsic mechanisms, including double exchange (DE), electron–phonon interactions, polaron formation, and Griffiths phases, as well as extrinsic factors such as grain boundaries, strain, and spin-polarized tunneling. By integrating experimental data from the literature, we demonstrate how these contributions collectively govern the metal–insulator transition and magnetotransport response. This review highlights the dual significance of bulk manganites as both large-scale synthesizable systems and rich platforms for fundamental physics, while also underscoring their relevance to modern applications in spintronics and magnetic sensors.