Construction of Soluble Sufentanil Microneedles and Their Analgesic Effects in a Mouse Model of Cancer Pain

Abstract

Zhao contributed equally to this work. Yueyue Gao designed and optimized the microneedle fabrication method, characterized the microneedles' morphology and mechanical properties, performed data analysis and charting, established an animal cancer pain model, and drafted the initial manuscript. Ayang Zhao proposed the research plan, conducted animal behavioral experiments involving thermal and mechanical stimuli, was responsible for data collection, performed complex statistical analyses and software operations, and drafted portions of the initial manuscript. Ao Zhang cultured 4T1 cells, tested the solubility of microneedles, and conducted some animal husbandry. Yuting Rong conducted biocompatibility tests, including tissue sectioning, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and hemolysis assays. Guibo Fan and Rui Xin handled the complex data analysis and statistical work, and jointly reviewed and revised the final draft. Liangcan He and Sihua Qi equally guided the direction of manuscript writing.