Recent applications of metal–organic frameworks in the field of electrochemical sensing

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by abundant active sites, uniform structures, and excellent chemical stability, are highly suitable as electrode materials for electrochemical sensors. However, the practical application of pure MOFs remains constrained by several challenges, prompting increased research into MOF-based composites and derivatives. Through diverse synthesis strategies, these materials offer enhanced performance in sensing applications. This review focuses on recent advances in MOF-based electrodes for a range of sensors, including biosensors, ion sensors, and gas sensors. First, the design principles for MOFs as electrochemical sensors are summarized. Following that, the current limitations and future prospects for the development and application of MOF-based electrochemical sensors are summarized, highlighting promising directions for further innovation and practical implementation.