A simple and scalable fabrication of a high-performance flexible microsupercapacitor using hierarchical Ni–Mo–S nanostructures decorated on Ti3C2Tx MXene

Abstract

The demand for improved energy storage technologies has increased globally in the new era of additional technological expectations. Energy storage performance can be improved by designing electrodes with hybrid architectures. For miniature and compact electronics, micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with exceptional electrochemical performance and flexibility are required. It has been proposed that transition metal sulfides are a viable material with exceptional electrochemical performance for effective energy storage. Ionic electron mobility is sluggish, and working stability is low in single-component metal sulfides. For high-density hybrid interfaces, it is still difficult to develop well-defined hybrid metal sulfides with high 2D functional surfaces. This article reports on the in situ synthesis of a hybrid of Ni–Mo–S and MXenes, which has several applications in electrochemical energy storage. In this work, a one-step hydrothermal technique was employed for a hybrid structure on ultrathin Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes with Ni–Mo–S nanosheets. To develop solid-state flexible MSC on a micropatterned laser-scribed graphene (LSG), this work makes use of the potential of the Ni–Mo–S/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid structure as an electrode material. The ultrathin design, planar geometry of the interdigitated microelectrodes, and excellent conductivity and wettability work together to function as the current collector, allowing the Ni–Mo–S/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid structure to interact efficiently. At a current density of 5 mA cm⁻², the LSG-NMS/TCX MSC device exhibits an exceptional areal capacitance of 208 mF cm⁻². Furthermore, the LSG-NMS/TCX MSC device maintained an exceptionally high rate capability of 94.6% even after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles, achieving an outstanding energy density of 65.10 µWh cm⁻² at a power density of 4212 µW cm⁻². The fabricated LSG-NMS/TCX MSC displays mechanical flexibility that remains unchanged when subjected to various twisting and bending angles.