Sustainable Approaches to Polyvinyl Alcohols: Synthesis, Degradation, Recycling and Upcycling

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a common polymer widely used across multiple applications due to its remarkable properties, including high hydrophilicity, ease of film formation, and versatility of functionalization, As the global market for PVA continues to grow, concerns about environmental impact and long-term sustainability pertaining its use have gained increasing attention. Significant research efforts have focused on developing more sustainable approaches to PVA synthesis, degradation, recycling, and upcycling, aimed at achieving greater circularity and minimising adverse impact on the environment. However, despite these advancements, a commercially viable, sustainable life cycle for PVA, encompassing its synthesis, degradation, and recycling/upcycling, remains elusive. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of sustainability research and technology related to the production, use, and post-treatment of PVA, evaluating key advancement and identifying areas that require further development.