State-of-the-art on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives into biofuels using zeolites as catalysts

Abstract

Lignocellulose is one of the most sustainable and renewable carbon sources for the production of biofuels. However, its complex and recalcitrant structure, typically composed of bulky and highly oxygenated molecules, results in significant challenges for catalytic conversion using zeolites as catalysts. These structural complexities often require multiple reaction steps and severe reaction conditions, making product selectivity, carbon recovery, and catalyst deactivation particularly relevant. This review provides the latest developments in the application of zeolites for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives into biofuels. Both advantages and challenges associated with zeolites as well as the potential for further development of zeolites for the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks were discussed.