Adenosine detection technologies: recent advances and applications in the central nervous system

Abstract

Adenosine, a pivotal endogenous neuromodulator, plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis related to sleep and emotion regulation. Mounting evidence indicates that dysregulated adenosine homeostasis is intricately involved in the pathological processes of brain disorders. Thus, the quantification of adenosine levels is crucial for evaluating disease states in the brain. Currently, numerous reviews have focused on adenosine detection technologies and their applications in tumor immunology and cardiovascular diseases. However, there have been few systematic reviews of adenosine monitoring in the central nervous system. Here, we first systematically summarize recent advances in adenosine detection technologies. Subsequently, we discuss the implications of adenosine detection in the regulation of central nervous system homeostasis. Finally, we highlight current challenges and future prospects, aiming to provide insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of neurological disorders.